https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spainen-USTelligent Community 13https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spainWed, 22 Apr 2026 15:50:31 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dGuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsCurrent Revision posted to Study-Guide by GuildSomm Admin on 4/22/2026 3:50:31 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous export to North</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/167Mon, 19 Jan 2026 15:27:32 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 167 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 1/19/2026 3:27:32 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/166Mon, 19 Jan 2026 15:26:12 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 166 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 1/19/2026 3:26:12 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/165Fri, 21 Nov 2025 16:25:59 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 165 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 11/21/2025 4:25:59 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/164Tue, 12 Aug 2025 19:54:43 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dStacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 164 posted to Study-Guide by Stacy Ladenburger on 8/12/2025 7:54:43 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/163Fri, 31 Jan 2025 03:02:46 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 163 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 1/31/2025 3:02:46 AM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/162Thu, 30 Jan 2025 15:47:15 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 162 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 1/30/2025 3:47:15 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/161Thu, 30 Jan 2025 15:41:40 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 161 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 1/30/2025 3:41:40 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/160Wed, 11 Dec 2024 20:29:39 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 160 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 12/11/2024 8:29:39 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/159Wed, 30 Oct 2024 13:16:46 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 159 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 10/30/2024 1:16:46 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/158Mon, 15 Jul 2024 14:46:20 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 158 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 7/15/2024 2:46:20 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/157Tue, 18 Jun 2024 15:13:35 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dGuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 157 posted to Study-Guide by GuildSomm Admin on 6/18/2024 3:13:35 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/156Tue, 26 Mar 2024 14:05:11 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 156 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 3/26/2024 2:05:11 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/155Mon, 15 May 2023 16:13:22 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 155 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 5/15/2023 4:13:22 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/154Mon, 13 Mar 2023 18:57:09 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 154 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 3/13/2023 6:57:09 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/153Sat, 28 Jan 2023 11:30:24 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 153 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 1/28/2023 11:30:24 AM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/152Thu, 29 Dec 2022 15:07:00 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 152 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 12/29/2022 3:07:00 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/151Mon, 05 Dec 2022 15:10:36 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 151 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 12/5/2022 3:10:36 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/150Thu, 28 Jul 2022 04:12:49 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 150 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 7/28/2022 4:12:49 AM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/149Tue, 14 Jun 2022 18:04:49 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 149 posted to Study-Guide by Jonathan Eichholz on 6/14/2022 6:04:49 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain/revision/148Fri, 20 May 2022 22:16:28 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732dStacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/165/spain#commentsRevision 148 posted to Study-Guide by Stacy Ladenburger on 5/20/2022 10:16:28 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="top"></a></p> <div> <div class="style_box">Table of Contents <ol> <li>Spain</li> <li>North-Central Spain</li> <li>Green Spain: Galicia and Basque Country</li> <li>Castilla y Le&oacute;n</li> <li>Catalonia (Catalunya)</li> <li>Southern Spain</li> <li>Review Quizzes</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a name="01"></a></p> Spain <p class="callout">The Phoenicians, one of the first great maritime trading cultures, founded the city of Gadir (modern C&aacute;diz) on the coast of southern Spain around 1100 BCE and established the value of viticulture and wine as a commodity in Andaluc&iacute;a.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;"><a href="/TC/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg"><img alt=" " src="/TC/resized-image/__size/1880x0/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-00-47/Spain_5F00_07.jpg" /></a></p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The wine trade of the eastern Mediterranean owes a significant debt to Phoenician ships: the grapes they carried from the Middle East to North Africa, the Mediterranean islands and the Iberian peninsula represent the genetic ancestors of some of the modern varieties of Spain. However, while the Phoenicians&nbsp;may have introduced viticulture in Spain, evidence of primitive grape cultivation reaches thousands of years back in time, and wild grapes preceded mankind in the region. Winemaking continued under the Romans, who improved on the fragile, large amphorae in use, but it remained a secondary pursuit under the conquering Moors, whose religion forbade the consumption of alcohol. Still, grapegrowing persisted and was often used for raisins and distillation for medicines, perfumes, and other goods.&nbsp;<span>Despite the indifference of the Moors&mdash;the sale of wine was illegal, but often tolerated&mdash;Spanish wine became renowned for its strength, and found its way as a blending component into wines from France and Italy.&nbsp;During this time, the Catholic church began to expand slowly as well and would soon come to reign in Spain.&nbsp;</span><span>In 1492, Christopher Columbus and the Spanish explorers opened up a new world for Spanish trade.&nbsp;</span>Wine benefitted greatly from these related occurrences: with the law&rsquo;s renewed approval, Spanish wine went forth with Spanish ships to supply the nation&rsquo;s new colonies, and the inherently heavy wines were often made in a deliberately rancio style, or they nonetheless arrived in the West Indies that way. Sherry wines, possibly the first vinous</p></div></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'e4acdcb5-c845-4bdb-9db7-3556e58b732d' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div>