https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticultureen-USTelligent Community 13https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticultureTue, 06 Jan 2026 22:51:57 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Stacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsCurrent Revision posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 1/6/2026 10:51:57 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/142Tue, 18 Jun 2024 15:26:30 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659GuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 142 posted to Expert Guides by GuildSomm Admin on 6/18/2024 3:26:30 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/141Tue, 26 Dec 2023 15:57:04 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Jonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 141 posted to Expert Guides by Jonathan Eichholz on 12/26/2023 3:57:04 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/140Tue, 31 Jan 2023 17:13:30 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Stacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 140 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 1/31/2023 5:13:30 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/139Fri, 04 Dec 2020 20:33:12 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Stacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 139 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 12/4/2020 8:33:12 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/138Fri, 04 Dec 2020 20:30:55 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Stacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 138 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 12/4/2020 8:30:55 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/137Fri, 04 Dec 2020 19:28:33 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Stacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 137 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 12/4/2020 7:28:33 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/136Fri, 04 Dec 2020 19:26:20 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Stacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 136 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 12/4/2020 7:26:20 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/135Tue, 29 Sep 2020 12:55:45 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659GuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 135 posted to Expert Guides by GuildSomm Admin on 9/29/2020 12:55:45 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/134Fri, 25 Sep 2020 16:02:23 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Jennifer Angelosantehttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 134 posted to Expert Guides by Jennifer Angelosante on 9/25/2020 4:02:23 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/133Fri, 25 Sep 2020 15:57:34 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Jennifer Angelosantehttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 133 posted to Expert Guides by Jennifer Angelosante on 9/25/2020 3:57:34 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/132Thu, 24 Sep 2020 15:34:52 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Jennifer Angelosantehttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 132 posted to Expert Guides by Jennifer Angelosante on 9/24/2020 3:34:52 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/131Thu, 17 Sep 2020 20:11:29 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Kassandra McPhersonhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 131 posted to Expert Guides by Kassandra McPherson on 9/17/2020 8:11:29 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/130Thu, 17 Sep 2020 19:36:48 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659GuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 130 posted to Expert Guides by GuildSomm Admin on 9/17/2020 7:36:48 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/129Thu, 17 Sep 2020 19:33:05 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Kassandra McPhersonhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 129 posted to Expert Guides by Kassandra McPherson on 9/17/2020 7:33:05 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/128Thu, 17 Sep 2020 19:28:46 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Kassandra McPhersonhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 128 posted to Expert Guides by Kassandra McPherson on 9/17/2020 7:28:46 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/127Thu, 17 Sep 2020 19:27:01 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Kassandra McPhersonhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 127 posted to Expert Guides by Kassandra McPherson on 9/17/2020 7:27:01 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/126Thu, 17 Sep 2020 19:25:11 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Kassandra McPhersonhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 126 posted to Expert Guides by Kassandra McPherson on 9/17/2020 7:25:11 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/125Thu, 17 Sep 2020 19:05:15 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Kassandra McPhersonhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 125 posted to Expert Guides by Kassandra McPherson on 9/17/2020 7:05:15 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/124Thu, 17 Sep 2020 19:02:11 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Kassandra McPhersonhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 124 posted to Expert Guides by Kassandra McPherson on 9/17/2020 7:02:11 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of <span class="widow-no-wrap">the vine&rsquo;s environment.</span></p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture/revision/123Thu, 17 Sep 2020 18:51:08 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659Kassandra McPhersonhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2450/viticulture#commentsRevision 123 posted to Expert Guides by Kassandra McPherson on 9/17/2020 6:51:08 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Domestication of the Grapevine</li> <li>Vine Anatomy</li> <li>Grapevine Taxonomy</li> <li>Climate</li> <li>Soil</li> <li>Vineyard Establishment</li> <li>A Year in the Vineyard</li> <li>Vineyard Operations</li> <li>Pests &amp; Diseases</li> <li>Farming Philosophies</li> <li>The Future of Farming</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes are a unique agricultural product. While more than half go toward the production of wine, they are also grown to be dried into raisins or eaten fresh. Grapes command more return per acre than almost any other plant, and in 2018, a single hectare of grand cru vineyard in Burgundy cost over seven million dollars on average. Further, unlike many crops that are planted each growing season, vineyards are a long-term investment&mdash;they require several years to become established and are designed to survive for decades.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Unlike many commodity plants, the profitability of wine grapes is driven by quality, which includes the grape&rsquo;s ability to convey a unique sense of place. While other agricultural crops look to new varieties for flavor improvement, disease resistance, and adaptations to climate, most wine producers rely on a small number of established cultivars. Site selection and vineyard practices, however, are critical, since improvement is achieved through management of the vine&rsquo;s environment.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Domestication of the Grapevine <p style="text-align:justify;">Grapes were one of the first fruits to be domesticated by humans. In ancient times, they were prized for their high levels of sugar, a source of both nutrition and novelty. Most of the grape varieties used in wine production belong to a single species, Vitis vinifera, which was first domesticated from wild grapevines, called Vitis vinifera <span>subsp. </span>sylvestris&nbsp;(or Vitis sylvestris), at least 7,000 years ago in the land between the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas. As nomadic people settled into an agrarian lifestyle, they carried grapevines south to Mesopotamia. Domestic vinifera grapes were spread from the Fertile Crescent throughout the Mediterranean and Europe, driven by the westward migration of</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: '92e7e7ac-9036-4856-b81d-6a2a6f635659' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div>