https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wineen-USTelligent Community 13https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wineMon, 02 Feb 2026 19:32:55 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsCurrent Revision posted to Expert Guides by Jonathan Eichholz on 2/2/2026 7:32:55 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/61Tue, 06 Jan 2026 22:31:30 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeStacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 61 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 1/6/2026 10:31:30 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/60Fri, 12 Dec 2025 16:40:36 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeStacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 60 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 12/12/2025 4:40:36 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/59Fri, 12 Dec 2025 16:39:41 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeStacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 59 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 12/12/2025 4:39:41 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/58Wed, 13 Aug 2025 21:35:18 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeGuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 58 posted to Expert Guides by GuildSomm Admin on 8/13/2025 9:35:18 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/57Wed, 13 Aug 2025 21:34:25 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeGuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 57 posted to Expert Guides by GuildSomm Admin on 8/13/2025 9:34:25 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/56Wed, 13 Aug 2025 21:33:32 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeGuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 56 posted to Expert Guides by GuildSomm Admin on 8/13/2025 9:33:32 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/55Wed, 13 Aug 2025 21:32:05 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeGuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 55 posted to Expert Guides by GuildSomm Admin on 8/13/2025 9:32:05 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/54Wed, 13 Aug 2025 21:29:42 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeGuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 54 posted to Expert Guides by GuildSomm Admin on 8/13/2025 9:29:42 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/53Wed, 13 Aug 2025 21:28:29 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeGuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 53 posted to Expert Guides by GuildSomm Admin on 8/13/2025 9:28:29 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/52Wed, 13 Aug 2025 21:20:27 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeGuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 52 posted to Expert Guides by GuildSomm Admin on 8/13/2025 9:20:27 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/51Tue, 12 Aug 2025 19:50:03 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeStacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 51 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 8/12/2025 7:50:03 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/50Wed, 16 Apr 2025 11:14:54 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 50 posted to Expert Guides by Jonathan Eichholz on 4/16/2025 11:14:54 AM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/49Mon, 14 Apr 2025 14:14:51 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 49 posted to Expert Guides by Jonathan Eichholz on 4/14/2025 2:14:51 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/48Mon, 06 Jan 2025 14:46:41 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeJonathan Eichholzhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 48 posted to Expert Guides by Jonathan Eichholz on 1/6/2025 2:46:41 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/47Fri, 20 Dec 2024 17:46:14 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeStacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 47 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 12/20/2024 5:46:14 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Cyprus</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/46Fri, 20 Dec 2024 17:24:38 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeGuildSomm Adminhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 46 posted to Expert Guides by GuildSomm Admin on 12/20/2024 5:24:38 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the addition</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="font-size: 90%;">Tags: Preview</div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/45Fri, 20 Dec 2024 17:12:22 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeStacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 45 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 12/20/2024 5:12:22 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the addition</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/44Fri, 20 Dec 2024 17:06:46 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeStacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 44 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 12/20/2024 5:06:46 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the addition</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/43Fri, 20 Dec 2024 16:54:28 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeStacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 43 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 12/20/2024 4:54:28 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the addition</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div> https://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine/revision/42Fri, 20 Dec 2024 16:43:04 GMT8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3eeStacy Ladenburgerhttps://www.guildsomm.com/research/expert_guides/w/expert-guides/2684/fortified-wine#commentsRevision 42 posted to Expert Guides by Stacy Ladenburger on 12/20/2024 4:43:04 PM<br /> <div class="paywall-restricted"><p><a name="top"></a></p> <div class="style_box"> Contents <ol> <li>Defining Fortified Wines</li> <li>History of Fortified Wines</li> <li>Portugal</li> <li>Spain</li> <li>France</li> <li>Italy</li> <li>Greece</li> <li>Australia</li> <li>South Africa</li> <li>United States</li> <li>Fortified Wines in Restaurants</li> <li>Bibliography</li> </ol> </div> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wine is integral to the history of the world of beverages. Its legacy was established in the 1600s as the wine trade rounded the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. Fortification, popularized by the British, made it possible for wines to survive during these long trips.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines have a huge diversity across the spectrum of their incarnations, and there are wide-ranging offerings within their respective categories. In terms of price, they vary as much as their unfortified counterparts. They are dry, sweet, and all points in between. They can be unaged or complexed by oxidative maturation, mass-produced or the preserve of savvy enthusiasts. Some are drunk very young, when vibrantly fruity. Others are consumed as 200-year-old vinous treasures. The variances of style are virtually limitless.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">Today, fortified wines constitute 5% to 10% of global wine production, with a market value of around US$19 billion. This guide focuses on the world&rsquo;s most important fortified wines, ranging from the Iberian classics to France&rsquo;s vins doux naturels to Cape Port. These are the wines, appearing on restaurant lists and in retail settings in the major wine markets globally, that are important for expert-level professionals to understand.</p> <p><a name="01"></a></p> Defining Fortified Wines <p style="text-align:justify;">Fortified wines are defined by the addition of distilled grape-based spirit before, during, or after alcoholic fermentation. All fortified wines have elevated alcohol, and each category is made using a distinct method of production that sets it apart from other categories. In this respect, these wines could be considered more &ldquo;made,&rdquo; or manipulated, than their unfortified or dry wine counterparts.</p> <p style="text-align:justify;">The timing of fortification is crucial in the manufacture of fortified wines as, depending on the addition</p></div><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.restricted', { contentId: 'bf42d6f7-76e8-4a39-96d1-f15f3dbce3ee' }); }); }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(function(){ jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.subscribe('paywall.ready', function (data) { jQuery.telligent.evolution.messaging.publish('paywall.displayPopup', { }); }); }); </script><div style="clear:both;"></div>